Property taxes are a major source of revenue for local governments and other local agencies like school, fire and water districts. They are collected at the county level (I see you County Tax Collector) and then distributed based on a formula that is dictated by law. Below is the most recent graphic I could find for San Diego County. This will at least give you an idea of percentages so you can see what your property taxes pay for. The biggest chunk is schools.
For secured property taxes, the first installment on your property taxes is due November 1 and delinquent after December 10, and the second installment is due on February 1 and delinquent after April 10. Taxes are due next week so don't delay! The County will fine you and ultimately can put a lien on your property if you don't pay them. If you are interested in more information on how the percentages on expenditures are set read this power point from San Diego County.